11 million families pay more than half their income on housing
By Charlene Crowell
On May 26, U.S. Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Secretary Marcia L. Fudge toured Kansas City, Missouri to highlight how President Biden’s American Jobs Plan will address the nation’s affordable housing crisis and revitalize our nation’s housing infrastructure.
It is highly likely that many renters would prefer to own their own homes; but the combination of housing costs outpacing incomes remains a persistent obstacle. Additionally, and in a growing number of markets, rising rents leave many families with little or no funds to save for a home down payment.
“Our homes can serve as a bridge to greater opportunities and a better life,” said Secretary Fudge. “The American Job Plan is a historic, once-in-a-generation investment in our nation’s infrastructure— including our housing infrastructure. If we want the United States to remain the greatest nation in the world, then we must first take care of home — in the most literal sense. To pass an infrastructure plan that fails to expand affordable housing and to revitalize our communities would be akin to building a road that leads to nowhere.”
That same day, HUD named Camden, New Jersey; Cleveland, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Fort Myers, Florida; and Lewiston, Maine as 2021 recipients of a combined $160 million in funding through its Choice Neighborhoods initiative. The five awardees will benefit from nearly 2,700 new or renovated, mixed-income housing units to help revitalize neighborhoods. The program’s requirement for a public-private partnership translates into one dollar of federal funding for every $10.60 generated from local public and private funds.
“Since 2000, the U.S. has gained 46 million people and only 20 million housing units. … The imbalance has led to housing costs increasing at a faster rate than incomes. Since 2000, home prices have increased 1.6 times the rate of real household incomes.” — Selma
While the selected communities await expanded affordable housing in their respective locales, the rest of the nation awaits congressional action on President Biden’s goal of improving housing infrastructure as announced in his American Jobs Plan. The proposal includes $213 billion in direct funding, along with over $100 billion in new and expanded tax credits. If enacted as presented, an estimated 500,000 new and rehabilitated housing units will serve low-and-moderate income families. The Biden plan also requires related construction jobs to pay prevailing wages and $10 billion dedicated to federal enforcement agencies to ensure that participating employers comply with local hiring agreements, equal pay provisions, and workplaces free from discrimination, bias or harassment.
Sounds like a comprehensive plan scaled to broadly address real-life housing issues across demographics and locales. According to the White House, 11 million families now pay more than half their income on rent, and 3 million families with children under the age of six live in homes with lead-based paint.
But the key question becomes whether the plan can arrive soon enough to prevent evictions, overcrowding in existing dwellings, and a rise in homelessness. Studies show that even before the start of the pandemic, 25% of renters across the nation were paying more than 50% of their income in rent, leaving little for savings. This figure is even higher for Black and Brown communities.
Further, the barriers to expanding access to homeownership – particularly for families of color — will remain an obstacle until or unless housing down payment assistance becomes more broadly available. According to a new joint proposal by the National Fair Housing Alliance and the Center for Responsible Lending (CRL), targeted down payment assistance to first generation home buyers has the potential to increase homeownership for 1.7 million Blacks and 1.32 Latino home buyers.
With a highly-partisan Congress unable or unwilling to enact basic voting rights legislation, it’s reasonable to wonder whether housing programs like the American Jobs Plan will attract bipartisan support.
This spring, the National Association of Realtors (NAR) released a report that updated housing market metrics. NAR found that the nation’s median existing-home sales price in March rose by a record-breaking annual pace of 17.2% to a historic high of $329,100, with all regions posting double-digit price gains. The median existing-single-family home sales price jumped 18.4% to $334,500, both historic highs.”
Regionally, median home prices were the highest in the West and Northeast. A near 17% cost increase in the West since March 2020, translates into a median cost of $493,300. In the Northeast, the corresponding cost was $364,800 but represents a higher rate of increase jumping 21.4% since March 2020. Although median home prices in the South and Midwest were respectively less costly at $283,900 and $248,200, double-digit increases in cost were also found: 15.6% in the South and 13.5% in the Midwest.
"Consumers are facing much higher home prices, rising mortgage rates, and falling affordability, however, buyers are still actively in the market," said Lawrence Yun, NAR's chief economist.
Similarly, Core Logic, a data analysis firm that draws key connections between information intelligence and economic growth, also wrote about housing affordability, harking back to the long-touted view of supply versus demand. According to a December 2020 blog written by Selma Hepp, low inventories are a major factor.
“[T]he U.S. has had two decades of bleak housing construction — since 2000, the U.S. has gained 46 million people and only 20 million housing units. In the two decades prior, the country gained 45 million people and 35 million housing units. The imbalance has led to housing costs increasing at a faster rate than incomes. Since 2000, home prices have increased 1.6 times the rate of real household incomes.”
Hepp’s point is as sensible as it is central to today’s housing challenges: most consumers cannot keep up with the stark rise in homeownership costs.
According to HUD, the nation’s median family income in April 2020 was $78,500. The long-standing measure of home affordability is measured by the ratio of housing costs to income. By this measure, affordable housing costs 30% or less, while moderately cost-burdened households pay between 30-50% of their income. Severely cost-burdened households are those paying 50% or more on housing.
With NAR’s national median sales price of $334,500, housing affordability is vanishing across the country.
On a state-by-state basis, the nation’s highest median family income of $113,300 in the District of Columbia causes an affordability strain with median home costs more than triple that income. Conversely, even in Mississippi where the lowest family median income is $59,400, the median home price imposes affordability challenges as well.
The mismatch between median incomes and housing costs only worsens when racial disparities are added. The U.S. Senate’s Joint Economic Committee report entitled, The Economic State of Black America in 2020, reached several startling conclusions:
- The wealth gap between Black and White households increases with education;
- The typical Black households earns a fraction of White households — just 59 cents for every dollar. The gap between Black and White annual household incomes is about $29,000 per year;
- Much less than half (42%) of Black families own their homes, compared to almost three-quarters (73%) of White families; and
- Persistent segregation leads to large disparities in the quality of secondary education, leading to worse economic outcomes.
Further, this report states that “Black households have never held more than 5% of the nation’s total wealth, while White households held 85% in 2019, despite Blacks making up around 13% of the population... If these trends persist, White median household wealth will increase while Black and Hispanic household wealth continues to fall. At the current pace of decline, median household wealth could reach zero by 2053 for Black households and by 2073 for Hispanic households.”
As Nikitra Bailey, CRL Executive Vice President testified this March before the Senate’s Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, “President Biden has called for acknowledgment and redress of the impacts of this long history of the nation’s and the Federal Government’s housing discrimination including the racial gap in homeownership… Now is the time for bold solutions that centers racial justice in homeownership opportunity.”
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Charlene Crowell is a senior fellow with the Center for Responsible Lending. She can be reached at Charlene.crowell@
